Method and apparatus for controlling transmission of data packets from and to a server

ABSTRACT

Some of the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method comprising categorizing each data packet of a plurality of data packets into one of at least two priority groups of data packets; and controlling transmission of data packets of a first priority group of data packets during a first off-time period such that during the first off-time period, data packets of the first priority group of data packets are prevented from being transmitted to a switching module from one or more server blades. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present disclosure is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/867,714, filed Apr. 22, 2013, now U.S.Pat. No. 8,738,825, issued May 27, 2014, which is a continuation of andclaims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/831,835, filedJul. 7, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,429,316, issued Apr. 23, 2013, whichclaims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/230,632,filed Jul. 31, 2009, which are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a blade server system ingeneral, and more specifically, to a low power state of a switch in ablade server system.

BACKGROUND

The background description provided herein is for the purpose ofgenerally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of thepresently named inventor, to the extent it is described in thisbackground section, as well as aspects of the description that may nototherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neitherexpressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the presentdisclosure.

A high density blade server system typically includes a plurality ofserver modules (hereinafter also referred to as server blades). Byarranging the plurality of server blades in a multi-server cabinet, thehigh density blade server system achieves significant cost and spacesavings over a plurality of conventional stand-alone servers. Thesesavings result directly from the sharing of common resources, e.g.,common power supplies, common cooling systems, enclosures, etc., and thereduction of space required by this type of multi-server system, whileproviding a significant increase in available computing power. A bladeserver system usually includes one or more switches configured to routedata packets in the blade server system.

A modern centralized data processing center generally has several (e.g.,numbering even in the hundreds) such blade server systems. Powerconsumption per unit of computing power decreases with a blade serversystem compared to, for example, a system that comprises a plurality ofconventional stand alone servers. However, the larger number of serverblades within a blade server system, and the large number of such bladeserver systems in a data processing center results in significant powerconsumption. Thus, a marketability of a blade server system is at leastin part tied to a power usage by the blade server system.

SUMMARY

In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides a methodcomprising categorizing each data packet of a plurality of data packetsinto one of at least two priority groups of data packets; andcontrolling transmission of data packets of a first priority group ofdata packets during a first off-time period such that during the firstoff-time period, data packets of the first priority group of datapackets are prevented from being transmitted to a switching module fromone or more server blades.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the following detailed description, reference is made to theaccompanying drawings wherein like numerals designate like partsthroughout.

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a blade server system.

FIG. 2 a illustrates a timing curve for controlling transmission of datapackets from a plurality of server blades to a switching module of FIG.1.

FIG. 2 b illustrates a first timing curve and a second timing curve forcontrolling transmission of (i) data packets included in a regularpriority group of data packets, and (ii) data packets included in a highpriority group of data packets, respectively, from the plurality ofserver blades to the switching module of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 illustrates a method for operating the blade server system ofFIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a system suitable for practicingembodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various operations may be described as multiple discrete operations inturn, in a manner that may be helpful in understanding embodiments ofthe present invention; however, the order of description should not beconstrued to imply that these operations are order dependent.

The description may use the phrases “in an embodiment,” or “inembodiments,” which may each refer to one or more of the same ordifferent embodiments. The phrase “in some embodiments” is usedrepeatedly. The phrase generally does not refer to the same embodiments;however, it may. The terms “comprising,” “having,” and “including” aresynonymous, unless the context dictates otherwise. The phrase “A and/orB” means (A), (B), or (A and B). The phrase “A/B” means (A), (B), or (Aand B), similar to the phrase “A and/or B.” The phrase “at least one ofA, B and C” means (A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C) or (A,B and C). The phrase “(A) B” means (B) or (A and B), that is, A isoptional.

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a blade server system 10, in accordancewith various embodiments of the present disclosure. The blade serversystem 10 includes a plurality of server blades 20 a, . . . , 20N.Although not illustrated in FIG. 1, individual server blades of theplurality of server blades 20 a, . . . , 20N include one or moreprocessors, memory, a host bus adaptor, an input/output port, and/or thelike.

The blade server system 10 also includes a switching module 14 that iscommunicatively coupled to each of the plurality of server blades 20 a,. . . , 20N through appropriate communication links. Although only oneswitching module 14 is illustrated in FIG. 1, in various otherembodiments, the blade server system 10 may include more than oneswitching module.

The switching module 14 receives data packets from one or more of theserver blades 20 a, . . . , 20N and/or from one or more components thatare external to the blade server system 10. The switching module 14selectively routes the received data packets to an appropriatedestination (e.g., to one or more of the server blades 20 a, . . . , 20Nand/or to one or more components that are external to the blade serversystem 10). Thus, the switching module 14 facilitates transmission ofdata packets (i) between individual server blades of the plurality ofserver blades 20 a, . . . , 20N, and/or (ii) between a server blade ofthe plurality of server blades 20 a, . . . , 20N and a componentexternal to the blade server system 10. In various embodiments, datapackets include data bits associated with user data, control data,and/or the like.

The switching module 14 includes several components, only some of whichis illustrated in FIG. 1. For example, switching module 14 includes abuffer 30 and a memory 34. In various embodiments, the buffer 30 isdivided in two (or more) sections, illustrated as buffer 30 a and buffer30 b in FIG. 1. The memory 34 may be any suitable volatile memory (e.g.,a dynamic random access memory) or non-volatile memory.

The switching module 14 also includes a forwarding table 38 configuredto store routing information associated with the data packets receivedby the switching module 14. Although illustrated as a separatecomponent, in various embodiments, the forwarding table 38 is stored inthe memory 34.

The blade server system 10 also includes a packet flow control module18, which is communicatively coupled to the switching module 14 and tothe server blades 20 a, . . . , 20N. The packet flow control module 18is communicatively coupled to the switching module 14 and to the serverblades 20 a, . . . , 20N using, for example, appropriate communicationlinks, one or more device drivers, and/or appropriate applicationprogram interfaces (APIs). Although illustrated as a separate componentin FIG. 1, in various other embodiments, the packet flow control module18 may be included in the switching module 14 and/or in one of the bladeservers 20 a, . . . , 20N.

Although not illustrated in FIG. 1, the blade server system 10 alsoincludes several other components. For example, although not illustratedin FIG. 1, the blade server system 10 includes one or more power supplymodules configured to supply power to various components of the bladeserver system 10, one or more cooling modules configured to providecooling to various components of the blade server system 10, and/or thelike.

In various embodiments, the packet flow control module 18 controls aningress or transmission of data packets from the server blades 20 a, . .. , 20N to the switching module 14. FIG. 2 a illustrates a timing curve200 a for controlling transmission of data packets from the serverblades 20 a, . . . , 20N to the switching module 14 of FIG. 1, inaccordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Invarious embodiments, control signals corresponding to the timing curve200 a is generated by the packet flow control module 18, and is receivedby one or more server blades 20 a, . . . , 20N and/or the switchingmodule 14 of FIG. 1. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, during an on-timeperiod a1, the packet flow control module 18 allows flow of data packetsfrom one or more of the server blades 20 a, . . . , 20N to the switchingmodule 14. On the other hand, during an off-time period b1, the packetflow control module 18 prevents flow of data packets from one or more ofthe server blades 20 a, . . . , 20N to the switching module 14.

The on-time period a1 and off-time period b1 form a timing pattern A1.In various embodiments, the timing pattern A1 is repeated a number oftimes, as illustrated in FIG. 2 a. That is, each timing pattern A1includes an on-time period a1 and an off-time period b1. Thus, anon-time period a1 is followed by an off-time period b1, which isfollowed again by another on-time period a1, and so on.

For the purpose of this disclosure and unless otherwise disclosed, anon-time period a1 and an off-time period b1 may refer to any one of theplurality of on-time periods a1 and any one of the plurality of off-timeperiods b1, respectively, as illustrated in FIG. 2 a. For the purpose ofthis disclosure and unless otherwise disclosed, on-time periods a1 mayrefer to more than one on-time period a1 (e.g., all the on-time periodsa1 illustrated in FIG. 2 a). For the purpose of this disclosure andunless otherwise disclosed, off-time periods b1 may refer to more thanone off-time period b1 (e.g., all the off-time periods b1 illustrated inFIG. 2 a). For the purpose of this disclosure and unless otherwisedisclosed, a timing pattern A1 may refer to any one of the plurality oftiming patterns A1 illustrated in FIG. 2 a. For the purpose of thisdisclosure and unless otherwise disclosed, timing patterns A1 may referto more than one timing pattern A1 (e.g., all the timing patterns A1illustrated in FIG. 2 a).

Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 2 a, a server blade (e.g., server blade20 a) transmits a data packet to the switching module 14 during anon-time period a1. However, if the server blade 20 a desires to transmitanother data packet to the switching module 14 during an off-time periodb1, transmission of the another data packet from the server blade 20 ato the switching module 14 is paused until a start of a next on-timeperiod a1.

In various embodiments, controlling of the data packets (e.g.,selectively pausing a data packet from transmission from the serverblade 20 a to the switching module 14 during off-time periods b1), bythe packet flow control module 18, may be in compliance with orperformed using, for example, any appropriate flow control protocol. Forexample, an appropriate Ethernet pause flow control protocol (e.g.,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3xstandard, approved in 1997), an appropriate priority-based flow controlprotocol (e.g., IEEE 802.1qbb, which is presently at drafting stage),and/or any other appropriate flow control protocol is used to controlthe data packets.

During the off-time periods b1, the switching module 14 operates in alow power state. In various embodiments, while the switching module 14is in the low power state, one or more components of the switchingmodule 14 operate in a low power mode, a deep power down mode, and/ormay be switched off. For example, while the switching module 14 is inthe low power state (e.g., during the off-time periods b1), the buffer30 and/or the memory 34 operate in the low power mode and/or the deeppower down mode. In another example, dynamic power to one or morecomponents of the switching module 14 is reduced during the low powerstate of the switching module 14. In yet another example, static powerto one or more other components of the switching module 14 is switchedoff during the low power state of the switching module 14. As theswitching module 14 does not receive any data packets during theoff-time periods b1 (i.e., during the low power state), operating, bythe switching module 14, in the low power state during the off-timeperiods b1 does not result in any loss of any data packets transmittedto the switching module 14.

On the other hand, during the on-time periods a1, the switching module14 operates at a regular power state. In various embodiments, while theswitching module 14 is in the regular power state, one or morecomponents (e.g., buffer 30, memory 34, and/or the like) of theswitching module 14 operate at a regular or normal power level.

Referring again to FIG. 2 a, a duty cycle of the blade server system 10,associated with the timing curve 200 a, refers to a ratio of (i) aduration of an on-time period a1, and (ii) a duration of a timingpattern A1. In various embodiments, the duty cycle may be expressed inpercentage form. Thus, the duty cycle associated with the timing curve200 a is equal to (a1/A1)×100, i.e., equal to (a1/(a1+b1))×100. The dutycycle is a representation of a percentage of time the switching module14 operates at the regular power state and routes data packets toappropriate destinations.

A load factor of the blade server system 10 may be, for example,associated with a number of data packets transmitted within the bladeserver system 10. In various embodiments, the duty cycle of theswitching mode 14 is varied based at least in part on, for example, theload factor of the blade server system 10. In an example, the loadfactor of the blade server system 10 is high during day time, mediumduring the evenings, and low at night. Accordingly, for example, theduty cycle of the blade server system 10 is high (e.g., 70%) during daytime, is medium (e.g., 40%) during the evenings, and is low (e.g., 10%)at night.

In various embodiments, the duty cycle is varied dynamically based atleast in part on the load factor of the blade server system 10. In anexample, the current duty cycle of the blade server system 10 is about50%. However, the current load factor the blade server system 10 ishigher than a load factor that can be supported by the duty cycle of50%. Accordingly, data packets may get accumulated in, for example, oneor more queues included in corresponding one or more of the serverblades 20 a, . . . , 20N. In the case where a number of data packetsaccumulated in one or more queues exceeds a threshold value, the packetflow control module 18 dynamically increases the duty cycle. Such anincrease in the duty cycle allows the switching module 14 to operate inthe regular power state for more time duration. This provides more timeto the switching module 14 to handle and route data packets accumulatedin the one or more queues, thereby decreasing the number of data packetsaccumulated in the one or more queues.

On the other hand, in the case where a number of data packetsaccumulated in one or more queues decreases below another thresholdvalue, the duty cycle of the switching module 14 is decreaseddynamically by the packet flow control module 18, as will be readilyunderstood by those skilled in the art based on the teachings of thisdisclosure.

Operating in the low power state, by the switching module 14, hasseveral advantages. For example, while in the low power state, one ormore components of the switching module 14 operate in a low power mode,a deep power down mode, and/or are switched off, resulting insignificant savings in power consumed by the switching module 14,without adversely impacting a computing power or performance of theblade server system 10. Due to relatively less power consumption, theblade server system 10 generates relatively less heat, resulting inreduced cooling requirements for the blade server system 10.

In various embodiments, the packet flow control module 18 prioritizesdata packets transmitted by the server blades 20 a, . . . , 20N to theswitching module 14. For example, the packet flow control module 18categorizes each of the data packets in one of a plurality of prioritygroups based on an importance or criticality of the respective datapacket. The packet flow control module 18 controls transmission of datapackets from the server blades 20 a, . . . , 20N to the switching modulebased on an associated priority group of the data packets.

For example, the packet flow control module 18 prioritizes data packets,transmitted by the server blades 20 a, . . . , 20N to the switchingmodule 14, in a high priority group and a regular priority group. Datapackets included in the high priority group has higher priority relativeto the data packets included in the regular priority group. For thepurpose of this disclosure and unless otherwise disclosed, a regularpriority data packet refers to a data packet included in the regularpriority group of data packets, and a high priority data packet refersto a data packet included in the high priority group of data packets.

Packet flow control module 18 categorizes the data packets in accordancewith, for example, an appropriate priority-based flow control protocol(e.g., IEEE 802.1qbb and/or IEEE 802.1Q-2005, approved on 2005). Forexample, IEEE 802.1Q-2005 prioritizes different classes of traffic(voice, video, data, etc) in 7 different priority levels, with apriority level of 0 implying lowest priority and a priority level of 7implying highest priority. In various embodiments, of the 7 prioritylevels defined in the IEEE 802.1Q-2005 protocol, data packets associatedwith priority levels 0-5 may be included in the regular priority groupof data packets, and data packets associated with priority levels 6-7may be included in the high priority group of data packets. However,such prioritization is purely an example, and in various otherembodiments, any other number of priority groups, using any otherappropriate priority-based flow control protocol (or any otherappropriate protocol), may also be possible.

FIG. 2 b illustrates timing curves 200 b and 200 c for controllingtransmission of (i) data packets included in the regular priority groupof data packets, and (ii) data packets included in the high prioritygroup of data packets, respectively, from the server blades 20 a, . . ., 20N to the switching module 14, in accordance with various embodimentsof the present disclosure.

Referring to the timing curve 200 b of FIG. 2 b and to FIG. 1, during anon-time period a2, the packet flow control module 18 allows flow of datapackets, included in the regular priority group, from one or more of theserver blades 20 a, . . . , 20N to the switching module 14. On the otherhand, during an off-time period b2, the packet flow control module 18prevents or pauses flow of data packets, included in the regularpriority group, from one or more of the server blades 20 a, . . . , 20Nto the switching module 14.

The on-time period a2 and off-time period b2 form a timing pattern A2.In various embodiments, the timing pattern A2 is repeated a number oftimes, as illustrated in FIG. 2 b. That is, each timing pattern A2includes an on-time period a2 and an off-time period b2. Thus, anon-time period a2 is followed by an off-time period b2, which isfollowed again by another on-time period a2, and so on.

For example, a sever blade (e.g., server blade 20 a) transmits a regularpriority data packet to the switching module 14 during the on-timeperiod a2. However, if the server blade 20 a desires to transmit anotherregular priority data packet to the switching module 14 during theoff-time period b2, transmission of the another regular priority datapacket from the server blade 20 a to the switching module 14 is pausedor delayed (e.g., using any appropriate flow control protocol, aspreviously disclosed) until a start of a next on-time period a2.

The timing curve 200 c similarly illustrates controlling of data packetsincluded in the high priority group of data packets (e.g., controllingof high priority data packets). For example, in the timing curve 200 c,during an on-time period a3, the packet flow control module 18 allowsflow of data packets, included in the high priority group, from one ormore of the server blades 20 a, . . . , 20N to the switching module 14.On the other hand, during an off-time period b3, the packet flow controlmodule 18 prevents flow of data packets, included in the high prioritygroup, from one or more of the server blades 20 a, . . . , 20N to theswitching module 14.

The on-time period a3 and off-time period b3 form a timing pattern A3.In various embodiments, the timing pattern A3 is repeated a number oftimes, as illustrated in FIG. 2 b. That is, each timing pattern A3includes an on-time period a3 and an off-time period b3. Thus, anon-time period a3 is followed by an off-time period b3, which isfollowed again by another on-time period a3, and so on.

For example, a sever blade (e.g., server blade 20 a) transmits a highpriority data packet to the switching module 14 during an on-time perioda3. However, if the server blade 20 a desires to transmit another highpriority data packet to the switching module 14 during an off-timeperiod b3, transmission of the another high priority data packet fromthe server blade 20 a to the switching module 14 is paused or delayed(e.g., using any appropriate flow control protocol, as previouslydisclosed) until a start of a next on-time period a3.

The switching module 14 operates in a first level of low power stateduring the off-time periods b2, and operates in a second level of lowpower state during the off-time periods b3. One or more components ofthe switching module 14 operates in a low power mode, a deep power downmode, or are switched off during the first level of low power stateand/or the second level of low power state.

As previously disclosed, the buffer 30 of the switching module 14 issegmented in buffer 30 a and buffer 30 b. In various embodiments, thebuffer 30 a is configured to buffer data packets included in the regularpriority group of data packets, and the buffer 30 b is configured tobuffer data packets included in the high priority group of data packets.Accordingly, during the first level of low power state of the switchingmodule 14, buffer 30 a operates in the low power mode, the deep powerdown mode, or is switched off. On the other hand, during the secondlevel of low power state of the switching module 14, buffer 30 boperates in the low power mode, the deep power down mode, or is switchedoff. If the first level of low power state and the second level of lowpower state of the switching module 14 coincide, both the buffer 30 aand the buffer 30 b operate in the low power mode, the deep power downmode, and/or are switched off.

In various embodiments, a number of regular priority data packets routedby the switching module 14 is higher than a number of high priority datapackets routed by the switching module 14. Accordingly, the buffer 30 ais larger in size compared to the buffer 30 b.

If a buffer enters a deep power mode, the buffer may take relativelymore time to exit the deep power mode (e.g., as compared to a time takenfor exiting from a low power mode). Furthermore, if a buffer is switchedoff, data stored in the buffer may be lost while the buffer is switchedon once again.

In various embodiments, the buffers 30 a and/or 30 b operate in the lowpower mode, the deep power down mode, or are switched off based at leastin part of a number of data packets buffered in the buffers 30 a and/or30 b. In an example, in the case where the buffer 30 a is empty beforethe switching module 14 enters the first level of low power state, thebuffer 30 a then operates in the deep power down mode or is switchedoff. In another example, in the case where the buffer 30 b stores one ormore data packets before the switching module 14 enters the second levelof low power state, the buffer 30 b then operates in the low power mode(e.g., instead of operating in the deep power down mode or beingswitched off) during the second level of low power state (e.g., so thatthe buffered one or more data packets are not lost, and the buffer 30 aexits the low power mode relatively quickly).

Although not illustrated in FIG. 1, in various embodiments, the memory34 may also be segmented into two sections of memory: a first section ofmemory associated with (e.g., configured to store) data packets includedin the regular priority group of data packets, and a second section ofmemory associated with data packets included in the high priority groupof data packets. In such a case, the first section of memory operates inthe low power mode, the deep power down mode, or is switched off duringthe first level of low power state of the switching module 14. On theother hand, the second section of memory operates in the low power mode,the deep power down mode, or is switched off during the second level oflow power state of the switching module 14. In the case where the firstlevel of low power state and the second level of low power state of theswitching module 14 coincide, both the sections of memory operate in thelow power mode, the deep power down mode, and/or are switched off.

In various embodiments, if a number of regular priority data packetsrouted by the switching module 14 is higher than a number of highpriority data packets routed by the switching module 14, the firstsection of memory is relatively larger (e.g., has relatively largerstorage space) than the second section of memory.

The switching module 14 operates in a first level of regular power stateduring the on-time periods a2, and operates in a second level of regularpower state during the on-time periods a3. While the switching module 14is in the first level of regular power state, one or more components(e.g., buffer 30 a, the first section of the memory 34, and/or the like)of the switching module 14, which are associated with routing theregular priority data packets, operate at a regular or normal powerlevel. Similarly, while the switching module 14 is in the second levelof regular power state, one or more components (e.g., buffer 30 b, thesecond section of the memory 34, and/or the like) of the switchingmodule 14, which are associated with routing the high priority datapackets, operate at a regular or normal power level.

As illustrated in FIG. 2 b, an on-time period a2 associated with thetiming curve 200 b is relatively small compared to an on-time period a3associated with the timing curve 200 c. Furthermore, as illustrated inFIG. 2 b, a timing pattern A2 associated with the timing curve 200 b isrelatively small compared to a timing pattern A3 associated with thetiming curve 200 c. As illustrated in FIG. 2 b, the on-time periods a3occur more frequently compared to occurrence of the on-time periods a2(although the duration of each on-time period a3 is smaller than theduration of each on-time period a2). Furthermore, as illustrated in FIG.2 b, a duty cycle associated with the timing curve 200 c (which is equalto (a3/(a3+b3))×100)) is smaller than a duty cycle associated with thetiming curve 200 b (which is equal to (a2/(a2+b2))×100)).

Accordingly, in various embodiments, high priority data packets aretransmitted more frequently from the server blades 20 a, . . . , 20N,compared to regular priority data packets, thereby decreasing a latencyperiod of high priority data packets (e.g., compared to a latency periodof regular priority of data packets). However, as a number of highpriority data packets routed by the switching module 14 is lower than anumber of regular priority data packets routed by the switching module14, each on period a3 is smaller compared to each on period a2 (e.g.,due to less time required for routing the lower number of high prioritydata packets).

In various embodiments, the duty cycles associated with the timingcurves 200 b and/or 200 c are varied dynamically based at least in parton the load factor of the blade server system 10. Such variations of theduty cycles may be similar to the variation of the duty cycle associatedwith the timing curve 200 a, as previously disclosed herein.

Selectively operating in the first level of low power state and thesecond level of low power state, by the switching module 14, has severaladvantages. For example, the first level of low power state and thesecond level of low power state result in significant savings in powerconsumed by the switching module 14, which also result in lower coolingrequirements for the blade server system 10. Furthermore, categorizingdata packets in different priority groups, and having different dutycycles for the different priority groups of data packets also hasseveral advantages. For example, as previously disclosed, high prioritydata packets are transmitted more frequently from the server blades 20a, . . . , 20N, compared to regular priority data packets. This ensuresthat the blade server system 10 saves power through the various lowpower states, without sacrificing the ability to promptly and timelyhandling high priority data packets.

FIG. 3 illustrates a method 300 for operating the blade server system 10of FIG. 1, in accordance with various embodiments of the presentdisclosure. Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 b and 3, the method 300 includes, at304, categorizing (e.g., by the packet flow control module 18) each datapacket of a plurality of data packets into one of at least two prioritygroups of data packets (e.g., a first priority group of data packetsthat correspond to the regular priority group of data packets, and asecond priority group of data packets that correspond to the highpriority group of data packets).

The method further comprises, at 308, controlling (e.g., by the packetflow control module 18) transmission of data packets of the firstpriority group of data packets during a first off-time period (e.g.,off-time period b2) such that during the first off-time period, datapackets of the first priority group of data packets are prevented frombeing transmitted to a switching module (e.g., switching module 14) fromone or more server blades (e.g., one or more of the server blades 20 a,. . . , 20N). At 308, the packet flow control module 18 also causes theswitching module to operate in a first level of low power state duringthe first off-time period.

The method further comprises, at 312, controlling (e.g., by the packetflow control module 18) transmission of data packets of the firstpriority group of data packets during a first on-time period (e.g.,on-time period a2) such that during the first on-time period, one ormore data packets of the first priority group of data packets aretransmitted to the switching module from the one or more server blades.During the first on-time period, the switching module may operate in thefirst level of regular power state, as previously disclosed.

The method further comprises, at 316, controlling (e.g., by the packetflow control module 18) transmission of data packets of the secondpriority group of data packets during a second off-time period (e.g.,off-time period b3) such that during the second off-time period, datapackets of the second priority group of data packets are prevented frombeing transmitted to the switching module from the one or more serverblades. At 316, the packet flow control module 18 also causes theswitching module to operate in a second level of low power state duringthe second off-time period.

The method further comprises, at 320, controlling (e.g., by the packetflow control module 18) transmission of data packets of the secondpriority group of data packets during a second on-time period (e.g.,on-time period a3) such that during the second on-time period, one ormore data packets of the second priority group of data packets aretransmitted to the switching module from the one or more server blades.During the first on-time period, the switching module may operate in thesecond level of regular power state, as previously disclosed.

Various operations of the method 300 may not occur in the sequenceillustrated in FIG. 3. For example, one or more operations associatedwith blocks 308 and/or 312 may occur at least in part simultaneouslywith one or more operations associated with blocks 316 and/or 320, aswill be readily understood by those skilled in the art based at least inpart on the teachings of the disclosure. Furthermore, although notillustrated in FIG. 3, one or more operations associated with blocks308, . . . , 320 may be repeated for a plurality of times, as will bereadily understood by those skilled in the art based at least in part onthe teachings of the disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an illustrative system 400 suitable forpracticing the embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated,system 400 includes one or more processors or processor cores 402, andsystem memory 404. For purposes of this disclosure, including theclaims, the terms “processor” and “processor cores” may be consideredsynonymous, unless the context clearly requires otherwise. Additionally,system 400 includes mass storage devices 406 (such as diskette, harddrive, compact disc read only memory (CDROM) and so forth), input/outputdevices 408 (such as a display to render visual manifestation, akeyboard, a cursor control, and so forth) and communication interfaces410 (such as network interface cards, modems and so forth). The elementsof FIG. 4 may be coupled to each other via system bus 412, whichrepresents one or more buses. In the case of multiple buses, they may bebridged by one or more bus bridges (not illustrated).

System memory 404 and mass storage 406 may be employed to store aworking copy and a permanent copy of the programming instructionsimplementing all or a portion of earlier described functions, hereincollectively denoted as 422. The instructions 422 may be assemblerinstructions supported by processor(s) 402 or instructions that can becompiled from high level languages, such as C or other suitable highlevel programming languages.

A permanent copy of the programming instructions is stored intopermanent storage 406 in the factory, or in the field, through, forexample, a distribution medium (not shown), such as a compact disc (CD),or through communication interface 410 (from a distribution server (notshown)). That is, one or more distribution media having instructions 422may be employed to distribute the instructions 422 and program variouscomputing devices.

The system 400 is included in or is associated with the blade serversystem 10 of FIG. 1. In various embodiments, the system 400 includes apacket flow control module 418 communicatively coupled to the system bus412. The packet flow control module 418 is at least in part similar tothe packet flow control module 18 of FIG. 1. Although not illustrated inFIG. 4, the system 400 may be communicatively coupled to a plurality ofserver blades (e.g., server blades 20 a, . . . , 20N of FIG. 1) and aswitching module (e.g., switching module 14 of FIG. 1).

In various embodiments, one or more instructions associated with thepacket flow control module 418 are stored as instructions 422. Invarious embodiments, the system 400 (e.g., the processor 402) isconfigured to execute one or more instructions to cause the system 400(e.g., the packet flow control module 418) to execute one or moreoperations of method 300 of FIG. 3 (and/or one or more operationsassociated with controlling various operations of the blade serversystem 10, as disclosed in this disclosure).

In embodiments of the present disclosure, an article of manufacture (notillustrated) implements one or more methods as disclosed herein. Forexample, in various embodiments, an article of manufacture may comprisea storage medium and a plurality of programming instructions stored inthe storage medium and adapted to program a computing device toconfigure the computing device to execute one or more operationsassociated with controlling various operations of the blade serversystem 10 (e.g., one or more operations of method 300 of FIG. 3, one ormore operations associated with controlling transmission of data packetsin the blade server system 10, and/or one or more operations associatedwith controlling a state (e.g., low power state, regular power state,etc.) of the switching module 14, as disclosed in this disclosure).

Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and describedherein, a wide variety of alternate and/or equivalent implementationsmay be substituted for the specific embodiment illustrated and describedwithout departing from the scope of the present disclosure. This presentdisclosure covers all methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacturefairly falling within the scope of the appended claims either literallyor under the doctrine of equivalents. For example, although the abovediscloses example systems including, among other components, software orfirmware executed on hardware, it should be noted that such systems aremerely illustrative and should not be considered as limiting. Inparticular, it is contemplated that any or all of the disclosedhardware, software, and/or firmware components could be embodiedexclusively in hardware, exclusively in software, exclusively infirmware or in some combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware.This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations ofthe embodiment disclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for transmitting a plurality of datapackets between a switching module and a server of a server system, themethod comprising: controlling transmission of the plurality of datapackets during a first time period such that during the first timeperiod, data packets of the plurality of data packets are prevented frombeing transmitted between the server and the switching module;controlling transmission of the plurality of data packets during asecond time period such that during the second time period, data packetsof the first plurality of data packets are permitted to be transmittedbetween the server and the switching module, wherein a duty cyclecorresponds to a ratio of (i) a duration of the second time period, and(ii) a sum of (a) a duration of the first time period and (b) a durationof the second time period; and based on a load factor of the switchingmodule, controlling the duty cycle by dynamically varying the first timeperiod and the second time period.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein thefirst time period and the second time period form a first timingpattern, and wherein the method further comprises: repeating the firsttiming pattern a plurality of times, resulting in a plurality of firsttiming patterns, such that for the first time period of each of theplurality of first timing patterns, data packets of the plurality ofdata packets are prevented from being transmitted between the server andthe switching module, and for the second time period of each of theplurality of first timing patterns, data packets of the first pluralityof data packets are permitted to be transmitted between the server andthe switching module.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality ofdata packets is a first plurality of data packets, wherein each datapacket of the first plurality of data packets has a first priority,wherein each data packet of a second plurality of data packets has asecond priority, wherein the duty cycle is a first duty cycle, andwherein the method further comprises: controlling transmission of thesecond plurality of data packets during a third time period such thatduring the third time period, data packets of the second plurality ofdata packets are prevented from being transmitted between the server andthe switching module; controlling transmission of the second pluralityof data packets during a fourth time period such that during the fourthtime period, data packets of the second plurality of data packets arepermitted to be transmitted between the server and the switching module,wherein a second duty cycle corresponds to a ratio of (i) a duration ofthe fourth time period, and (ii) a sum of (a) a duration of the thirdtime period and (b) a duration of the fourth time period; and based onthe load factor of the switching module, controlling the second dutycycle by dynamically varying the third time period and the fourth timeperiod.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein a first sum comprises the sumof the duration of the first time period and the duration of the secondtime period, wherein a second sum comprises the sum of the duration ofthe third time period and the duration of the fourth time period, andwherein controlling the first duty cycle and the second duty cyclefurther comprises: based on the first priority being higher than thesecond priority, controlling the first duty cycle and the second dutycycle such that the first sum is smaller than the second sum.
 5. Themethod of claim 3, wherein controlling the first duty cycle and thesecond duty cycle further comprises: based on the first priority beinghigher than the second priority, controlling the first duty cycle andthe second duty cycle such that the first time period is smaller thanthe second time period.
 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:causing the switching module to operate in a first low power stateduring the first time period; and causing the switching module tooperate in a second low power state during the third time period.
 7. Themethod of claim 6, wherein: the switching module comprises (i) a firstbuffer configured to buffer one or more of the first plurality of datapackets, and (ii) a second buffer configured to buffer one or more ofthe second plurality of data packets; and the method further comprisescausing the first buffer to operate in a low power mode during the firstlow power state, and causing the second buffer to operate in the lowpower mode during the second low power state.
 8. The method of claim 3,further comprising: receiving a first data packet; categorizing thefirst data packet into having one of the first priority or the secondpriority; and based on categorizing the first data packet into havingone of the first priority or the second priority, transmitting the firstdata packet between the server and the switching module during one ofthe second time period or the fourth time period.
 9. The method of claim8, wherein transmitting the first data packet between the server and theswitching module further comprises: in response to categorizing thefirst data packet into having the first priority, transmitting the firstdata packet between the server and the switching module during thesecond time period.
 10. The method of claim 8, wherein transmitting thefirst data packet between the server and the switching module furthercomprises: in response to categorizing the first data packet into havingthe second priority, transmitting the first data packet between theserver and the switching module during the fourth time period.
 11. Asystem for transmitting a plurality of data packets between a switchingmodule and a server, the system comprising: the switching module; theserver communicatively coupled to the switching module; and a packetflow control module configured to control transmission of the pluralityof data packets during a first time period such that during the firsttime period, data packets of the plurality of data packets are preventedfrom being transmitted between the server and the switching module,control transmission of the plurality of data packets during a secondtime period such that during the second time period, data packets of thefirst plurality of data packets are permitted to be transmitted betweenthe server and the switching module, wherein a duty cycle corresponds toa ratio of (i) a duration of the second time period, and (ii) a sum of(a) a duration of the first time period and (b) a duration of the secondtime period, and based on a load factor of the switching module, controlthe duty cycle by dynamically varying the first time period and thesecond time period.
 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first timeperiod and the second time period form a first timing pattern, andwherein the packet flow control module is further configured to: repeatthe first timing pattern a plurality of times, resulting in a pluralityof first timing patterns, such that for the first time period of each ofthe plurality of first timing patterns, data packets of the plurality ofdata packets are prevented from being transmitted between the server andthe switching module, and for the second time period of each of theplurality of first timing patterns, data packets of the first pluralityof data packets are permitted to be transmitted between the server andthe switching module.
 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the pluralityof data packets is a first plurality of data packets, wherein each datapacket of the first plurality of data packets has a first priority,wherein each data packet of a second plurality of data packets has asecond priority, wherein the duty cycle is a first duty cycle, andwherein the packet flow control module is further configured to: controltransmission of the second plurality of data packets during a third timeperiod such that during the third time period, data packets of thesecond plurality of data packets are prevented from being transmittedbetween the server and the switching module; control transmission of thesecond plurality of data packets during a fourth time period such thatduring the fourth time period, data packets of the second plurality ofdata packets are permitted to be transmitted between the server and theswitching module, wherein a second duty cycle corresponds to a ratio of(i) a duration of the fourth time period, and (ii) a sum of (a) aduration of the third time period and (b) a duration of the fourth timeperiod; and based on the load factor of the switching module, controlthe second duty cycle by dynamically varying the third time period andthe fourth time period.
 14. The system of claim 13, wherein a first sumcomprises the sum of the duration of the first time period and theduration of the second time period, wherein a second sum comprises thesum of the duration of the third time period and the duration of thefourth time period, and wherein the packet flow control module isconfigured to control the first duty cycle and the second duty cycle by:based on the first priority being higher than the second priority,controlling the first duty cycle and the second duty cycle such that thefirst sum is smaller than the second sum.
 15. The system of claim 13,wherein the packet flow control module is configured to control thefirst duty cycle and the second duty cycle by: based on the firstpriority being higher than the second priority, controlling the firstduty cycle and the second duty cycle such that the first time period issmaller than the second time period.
 16. The system of claim 13, whereinthe packet flow control module is further configured to: cause theswitching module to operate in a first low power state during the firsttime period; and cause the switching module to operate in a second lowpower state during the third time period.
 17. The system of claim 16,wherein the switching module comprises: a first buffer configured tobuffer one or more of the first plurality of data packets; and a secondbuffer configured to buffer one or more of the second plurality of datapackets, wherein the packet flow control module is further configured tocause the first buffer to operate in a low power mode during the firstlow power state, and cause the second buffer to operate in the low powermode during the second low power state.
 18. The system of claim 13,wherein the switching module is configured to: receive a first datapacket, wherein the first data packet is categorized into having one ofthe first priority or the second priority; and based on the first datapacket being categorized into having one of the first priority or thesecond priority, cause the first data packet to be transmitted betweenthe server and the switching module during one of the second time periodor the fourth time period.
 19. The system of claim 18, wherein theswitching module is further configured to: based on the first datapacket being categorized into having the first priority, cause the firstdata packet to be transmitted between the server and the switchingmodule during the second time period.
 20. The system of claim 18,wherein the switching module is further configured to: based on thefirst data packet being categorized into having the second priority,cause the first data packet to be transmitted between the server and theswitching module during the fourth time period.